Amid ongoing insecurity, climate change and political instability, Mali faces significant challenges in attracting the investment needed to lift its population out of poverty. In one of the world’s least developed countries, where one in five people lives on less than US$2.15 a day, families look to the Malian diaspora as a crucial source of economic support.

Overseas Malians send back over US$1.1 billion a year – remittances that account for over 5 per cent of the country’s GDP and meet the basic needs of countless rural families.

As new generations of emigrants start sending funds home, their investment preferences are shifting. IFAD research has found that, alongside sending remittances and funding social development, more and more members of the diaspora are exploring ways to invest in businesses that yield both societal impact and financial returns – and agriculture is high on the priority list.

There are 4 million members of the Malian diaspora worldwide, 250,000 of whom reside in Europe, with more than half of them in France. The diaspora is acknowledged as one of the pillars of development in Mali. In 2021, the diaspora transferred US$4 million, 5 per cent of Mali’s GDP. In addition to remittances to relatives to primarily cover regular consumption, members of the Malian diaspora have historically engaged in social development through their organizations.

However, there is a new generation and new practices at work and the diaspora has turned more towards investment in business, including investment by individuals. The goal is both lasting societal impact and financial return. Recent research conducted by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has shown that the majority of associations and households wish to invest in businesses within the agricultural sector (which represent 40 per cent of the country’s GDP), and, specifically, in businesses belonging to members of the diaspora and their relatives.

However, today, this desire to invest conflicts with the lack of dependable solutions for channeling investment to business. The goal of the Diaspora Investment in Sustainable Rural Youth Entrepreneurship in Mali programme is to support these developments by proposing professional investment solutions adapted to this group’s needs.

Remittances and diaspora investments offer vital support for sustainable practices and climate adaptation. IFAD’s initiatives in Nepal and Mali prove simple solutions can scale.

Beyond remittances, diaspora investment is helping to address Africa’s financing gap while empowering local communities. Since 2022, with the support of the European Union, IFAD and I & P have partnered with the Malian diaspora to create Ciwara Capital—an investment fund owned and managed by Africans in Europe.

Programme: EUTF Mali Location: Mali

Authors: IFAD, Ciwara Capital, I&P

Themes: Diaspora Investments, Rural SMEs


The White Paper is the result of the “Mobilizing Diaspora Resources into an Impact Investment Fund in Mali” four-year pilot project (2020-2024), which was funded by a EUR 230,000 grant from IFAD’s Financing Facility for Remittances (FFR) and implemented by the impact investors, Investisseurs et Partenaires. 

The White Paper presents a comprehensive overview of the lessons learned and best practices gained through the project; among its main achievements, the project established Ciwara Capital, an autonomous, diaspora-led investment company that raised over EUR 200,000 and successfully invested in Mali in the agri-food and education sectors. Additionally, it developed an innovative investment solution tailored to engage diaspora investors, built the financial capacity of diaspora members, and strengthened partnerships with local entities to ensure sustainable impact. Through these efforts, the project not only broadened the impact of diaspora investment across sectors and regions but also fostered stronger ties between the Malian diaspora and their country of origin.

This report is produced by the Financing Facility for Remittances (FFR) of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in the framework of the IFAD–United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) partnership on Sustainability, Stability and Security in Africa (3S Initiative).

The report delves into the critical intersection of remittances, diaspora investments, and climate adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa, to offer comprehensive insights. The report analyzes the effects of migration and remittances on countries and households of origin, especially in the agricultural sector, and examines initiatives aimed at enhancing the impact of diaspora finance on sustainable development and climate resilience.

Download the full report here:

English Version

French Version